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FRP raw material

Applications: Marine, Automotive, Construction, Chemical Corrosion Resistance, Wind Energy, Sports Equipment, etc.

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1.Classification of Key Raw Materials

(1) Reinforcement Materials (Fibers)

Type	Characteristics	Typical Applications
Fiberglass	Low cost, high strength, corrosion-resistant	Boats, pipes, storage tanks
Carbon Fiber	Ultra-high strength, lightweight (5x stronger than steel)	Aerospace, high-end automotive, sports equipment
Aramid Fiber	Impact-resistant, high-temperature resistant (300°C+)	Bulletproof armor, racing components
Basalt Fiber	Heat-resistant, eco-friendly (made from natural rock)	Fireproof materials, construction reinforcement

(2) Matrix Materials (Resins)

Type	Characteristics	Suitable Processes
Unsaturated Polyester Resin (UPR)	Low cost, fast curing, chemical-resistant	Hand lay-up, spray-up, pultrusion
Epoxy Resin (EP)	High strength, excellent adhesion, moisture-resistant	Aerospace, precision molds
Vinyl Ester Resin (VER)	Resistant to strong acids/alkalis, anti-aging	Chemical tanks, scrubbers
Polyurethane Resin (PUR)	High toughness, impact-resistant, good low-temperature performance	Automotive bumpers, wind turbine blades

(3) Auxiliary Materials

Curing Agents: MEKP (Methyl Ethyl Ketone Peroxide), BPO (Benzoyl Peroxide)

Accelerators: Cobalt salts (e.g., Cobalt Octoate), amines (e.g., DMA)

Fillers: Aluminum hydroxide (flame retardant), calcium carbonate (cost reduction), silica powder (wear resistance)

Release Agents: Wax-based, semi-permanent (e.g., fluoropolymer)

2. Key Performance Parameters

Parameter	Typical Range	Test Standard
Tensile Strength	100-500 MPa (fiberglass-reinforced)	ASTM D638
Flexural Strength	150-600 MPa	ASTM D790
Barcol Hardness	40-60	ISO 2039-1
Heat Deflection Temp. (HDT)	60-250°C (resin-dependent)	ASTM D648
Oxygen Index (Flame Retardancy)	20-55 (≥28 = flame-retardant)	ASTM D2863

3. Material Selection Guide

(1) By Application

Corrosion Resistance (chemical/marine): Vinyl ester resin + fiberglass (surface mat + chopped strand mat)

High Strength & Lightweight (automotive/drones): Epoxy resin + carbon fiber (woven fabric)

Low-Cost Structural Parts (water tanks/pipes): Unsaturated polyester resin + fiberglass woven roving

(2) By Manufacturing Process

Process	Recommended Resin	Recommended Reinforcement
Hand Lay-up/Spray-up	Unsaturated polyester	Chopped strand mat, woven fabric
Pultrusion	Vinyl ester/epoxy resin	Roving, continuous mat
Vacuum Infusion	Epoxy/vinyl ester resin	Multiaxial fabric

4. Storage & Handling Guidelines

Resins: Store in dark, cool conditions (<25°C); keep curing agents and accelerators separate

Fiberglass: Keep dry (humidity ≤60%), avoid fiber breakage

Curing System:

Cold Weather: Use low-temperature curing agents (e.g., acetyl acetone peroxide)

Hot Weather: Reduce accelerator dosage to prevent rapid curing

5. Troubleshooting Common Issues

Issue	Possible Cause	Solution
Incomplete Curing	Insufficient curing agent/low temperature	Increase curing agent or heat environment
Excessive Bubbles	Poor vacuum/resin viscosity too high	Increase vacuum pressure or add thinner
Delamination	Poor fiber wet-out	Use low-viscosity resin or increase pressure